Counsel and advise individuals with alcohol, tobacco, drug, or other problems, such as gambling and eating disorders. They counsel individuals, families, or groups or engage in prevention programs.

Collect, identify, classify, and analyze physical evidence related to criminal investigations. They perform tests on weapons or substances, such as fiber, hair, and tissue. They testify as expert witnesses on evidence or crime laboratory techniques. They serve as specialists in area of expertise, such as ballistics, fingerprinting, handwriting, or biochemistry.

Compile data from various sources, such as maps, reports, and field and file investigations, for use by city planner in making planning studies.

Measure, record, or evaluate geological data, using sonic, electronic, electrical, seismic, or gravity measuring instruments to prospect for oil or gas. They collect or evaluate core samples or cuttings.

Study the origin, development, and operation of political systems. They study topics, such as public opinion, political decision making, and ideology. They analyze the structure and operation of governments, as well as various political entities. They conduct public opinion surveys, analyze election results, or analyze public documents.

Study the nature and use of areas of the earth's surface, relating and interpreting interactions of physical and cultural phenomena. They conduct research on physical aspects of a region, including land forms, climates, soils, plants, and animals. They research the social characteristics, economic activities, political organization, and interdependence of a given region.

Conduct research to reconstruct record of past human life and culture from human remains, artifacts, architectural features, and structures recovered through excavation, underwater recovery, or other means of discovery.

Research, evaluate, and establish public policy concerning the origins of humans; their physical, social, linguistic, and cultural development; and their behavior, as well as the cultures, organizations, and institutions that humans have created.

Diagnose or evaluate mental and emotional disorders of individuals through observation, interview, and psychological tests, and formulate and administer programs of treatment.

Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the earth. They use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. This includes mineralogists, crystallographers, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists.